Recognizing Pain and Discomfort in Dogs: How to Identify Signs of Pain and Discomfort in Your Dog
By Dr. Carrie Schlachter

Dogs can’t tell us when they’re in pain, so it’s up to us as responsible pet owners to be vigilant and recognize the signs. Pain in dogs can manifest in subtle ways, from changes in behavior to physical symptoms. Identifying and addressing pain early can improve your dog’s quality of life and may prevent more serious health issues down the line. As a veterinarian specializing in canine rehabilitation, I have seen many cases where early detection of pain has made a significant difference in a dog's recovery. Here’s how you can identify signs of pain and discomfort in your dog.

1. Changes in Behavior and Mood

One of the first indicators that your dog might be experiencing pain is a change in their normal behavior. Dogs that are typically active and social may become withdrawn, irritable, or even aggressive. Alternatively, a normally quiet and calm dog might become restless or clingy.

Signs to Watch For:

• Increased irritability or aggression: Dogs in pain may growl, snap, or shy away when touched, especially in areas where they feel discomfort.

• Restlessness: Pacing, difficulty settling down, or an inability to find a comfortable position can indicate pain.

• Reduced social interaction: A dog in pain may avoid playing, interacting, or engaging in activities they usually enjoy.

• Changes in sleeping patterns: Dogs in pain may sleep more than usual or have trouble sleeping due to discomfort.

2. Altered Eating and Drinking Habits

Pain can significantly affect your dog’s appetite and hydration levels. Dogs that are experiencing discomfort may lose interest in food, have difficulty eating, or stop drinking as much water. This is especially common in cases of dental pain or gastrointestinal issues.

Signs to Watch For:

• Loss of appetite: Refusing food, even treats they usually love, can be a sign of pain.

• Drooling or dropping food: These can indicate mouth or dental pain.

• Changes in drinking habits: Drinking more or less water than usual can be a response to pain, especially if there are underlying issues like kidney discomfort or digestive problems.

3. Physical Symptoms and Changes in Movement

Physical changes are some of the more obvious indicators of pain, but they can still be easy to miss if you’re not looking closely. Dogs in pain might move differently, avoid certain activities, or show physical signs such as limping or stiffness.

Signs to Watch For:

• Limping or favoring a limb: This is a classic sign of joint, muscle, or paw pain.

• Stiffness or difficulty moving: Pain can make it hard for dogs to stand, sit, or lie down comfortably.

• Reluctance to jump or climb stairs: Dogs with pain, especially in their back or joints, may avoid jumping onto furniture or climbing stairs.

• Shaking or trembling: This can be a subtle sign of pain, anxiety, or discomfort.

• Over-grooming or licking: Dogs in pain often lick or chew at a specific area, sometimes causing skin irritation or hair loss.

4. Vocalization: Whining, Whimpering, or Yelping

Dogs may vocalize more than usual when they are in pain. This can include whining, whimpering, yelping, or even growling. While some dogs are stoic and may not vocalize their pain, any sudden increase in these sounds should be taken seriously.

Signs to Watch For:

• Whining or whimpering: This is often a dog’s way of expressing discomfort or distress.

• Yelping when touched: Sudden, sharp yelps can indicate acute pain, especially if it happens when you touch a specific area.

• Groaning or grunting: Dogs might grunt or groan when they are trying to move or change positions, especially if they are experiencing joint or muscle pain.

5. Changes in Breathing Patterns

Pain can cause dogs to change how they breathe. Shallow, rapid breathing or panting, especially when at rest, can be a sign of discomfort. Conversely, some dogs may slow their breathing as a way of coping with pain.

Signs to Watch For:

• Rapid, shallow breathing or panting: This can indicate pain, stress, or overheating.

• Labored breathing: Difficulty breathing or heavy breathing without exertion can be a sign of respiratory issues, chest pain, or abdominal discomfort.

6. Changes in Posture or Body Language

Body language can tell you a lot about how your dog is feeling. Pain can cause dogs to adopt unusual postures or carry themselves differently. They may hunch their back, tuck their tail, or hold their head down in an attempt to relieve discomfort.

Signs to Watch For:

• Hunched back: A sign that your dog may have abdominal pain or spinal discomfort.

• Tail tucking: Dogs often tuck their tails between their legs when they are scared, stressed, or in pain.

• Lying down in unusual positions: If your dog is favoring one side or has difficulty finding a comfortable resting position, it could be a sign of pain.

When to Seek Veterinary Help

It can be challenging to determine if your dog is experiencing pain, but it’s important to trust your instincts. If you notice any of the signs mentioned above, or if your dog’s behavior seems off in any way, it’s best to consult with your veterinarian. Dogs are incredibly resilient, but they shouldn’t have to endure pain without help. A proper diagnosis and treatment plan can make all the difference in their quality of life.

Conclusion

Recognizing the signs of pain in your dog is crucial for their health and well-being. Early detection allows for timely treatment, which can improve your dog’s quality of life and prevent further complications. Be observant, and if you suspect your dog is in pain, seek veterinary care to address the underlying issue. Your attention and care can make a world of difference to your furry friend.

Dr. Carrie Schlachter, VMD, specializes in canine rehabilitation and pain management. As the founder of AIM Education, she is dedicated to providing pet owners with the knowledge and tools they need to care for their animals and ensure their well-being.